ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS by POONAM LAKRA,TARKESH KUMAR MAHATO

The field of Analog and Digital Electronics forms the backbone of modern electrical, electronics, and communication engineering. From fundamental semiconductor devices to advanced AI hardware accelerators and mixed-signal integrated circuits, electronics continues to evolve rapidly, driving innovation in automation, smart systems, electric mobility, embedded computing, IoT, and next-generation computing platforms.
This multi-author volume, Analog and Digital Electronics (Including Emerging Technologies & Innovative Topics), has been carefully designed to provide a comprehensive, structured, and forward-looking approach to the subject. The book integrates classical electronic theory with contemporary technological advancements, ensuring that students and professionals gain both foundational knowledge and exposure to emerging trends.
The book is organized into five well-structured units:
• Unit I introduces semiconductor physics, PN junction theory, diode circuits, BJT and MOSFET fundamentals, and small-signal models, along with modern developments in nanoelectronics and advanced semiconductor materials such as GaN and SiC.
• Unit II focuses on analog amplifiers, operational amplifiers, feedback systems, active filters, oscillators, and low-power analog design, including analog front-end design for IoT sensor systems.
• Unit III covers digital electronics fundamentals including number systems, Boolean algebra, combinational circuits, and an introduction to programmable logic devices and FPGA basics.
• Unit IV addresses sequential circuits, memory technologies, embedded digital systems, and hardware description languages such as Verilog/SystemVerilog.
• Unit V explores mixed-signal systems, ADC/DAC principles, low-power VLSI, AI hardware accelerators, neuromorphic circuits, quantum electronics, edge computing hardware, and MEMS-based sensor interfacing.
One of the distinctive features of this book is its integration of emerging technologies with traditional concepts. The contributors have ensured that each topic builds logically from fundamental principles to practical applications, bridging the gap between classroom theory and real-world implementation.
As a multi-author publication, this book represents the collaborative effort of experienced academicians, researchers, and industry professionals. Each contributor has brought specialized expertise in areas such as analog circuit design, digital system architecture, embedded systems, VLSI, AI hardware, and advanced semiconductor technologies. The collaborative nature of this work ensures both academic rigor and industry relevance.
The book is designed to serve:
• Undergraduate students in Electronics, Electrical, and related disciplines
• Postgraduate learners seeking advanced conceptual clarity
• Competitive examination aspirants
• Faculty members and academic researchers
• Industry professionals upgrading their knowledge in emerging electronic technologies
Special attention has been given to clarity of explanations, systematic derivations, practical applications, and inclusion of innovative topics aligned with Industry 4.0, smart systems, and AI-enabled hardware design.
We express our sincere gratitude to all contributing authors for their dedication and scholarly contributions. We also acknowledge the support of academic institutions and colleagues whose encouragement made this collaborative effort possible.
We hope that this book will serve as a valuable resource for learners and educators and will inspire innovation, research, and technological advancement in the field of electronics.